Psychology of Color Essay Example for Free

Psychology of Color Essay The brain receives signals from three different color channels: red, blue, and green. When the brain receives a mix of these signals, we perceive colors that are mixtures of these three primary colors through a process called color addition (Think Quest â€Å"Color Psychology†). All colored visible light can be expressed as either mixtures or consistencies of red, blue, or green, which by perception between the eyes and the brain, produces the vast spectrum of color that exists to humans and other organisms alike. With the ability to alter our moods and bodily functions, color has more of an impact on us than we may realize. Each color produces different effects on humans, bringing about numerous physiological and psychological changes as unique as the color itself. Its presence everywhere in our daily lives makes these effects inevitable, no matter how unaware we are of them. Colors not only alter the state of our mind and body but can also reveal a lot about ourselves, including our personality, experiences, and ability to evoke memories. Colors can be categorized into two groups, warm colors and cool colors. Warm colors consist of any shade of red, orange, yellow, and pink. They can evoke emotions ranging from feelings of warmth and comfort to feelings of anger and hostility. Cool colors consist of greens, blues, and purples. Although they generally create a calming, soothing effect, they can also bring feelings of sadness or indifference (Kendra Cherry â€Å"Color Psychology: How Colors Impact Moods, Feelings, and Behaviors†). Although each of the colors within these two groups produces altercations somewhat similar to those of its group members, they create their own objective, one-of-a-kind effects on the human body and mind. Red is one of the three primary colors, as well as one of three different color channels the brain receives signals from. It represents blood, heat, passion, love, intensity, danger, and is often associated with Christmas and Valentine’s Day (Nicholson, Mary, Dr. â€Å"Colors and Moods†). Being a very stimulating color, whenever the sight of it is picked up and signaled to the brain, red activates the adrenal glands. Physiologically, red can increase heart rate, respiration, appetite, and blood pressure. It can also raise stamina and improve the functioning of the central nervous system (Kate Smith, â€Å"Color: Meaning, Symbolism, and Psychology†). The psychological effects of red include feelings of anger, vitality, and a sense of protection from fears and anxieties. Red can also increase enthusiasm, irritability, and sensuality. With its ability to dispel negative thoughts, it encourages confidence, action, and ambition (Think Quest). In a study by professor of psychology Andrew Elliot and researcher Daniela Niesta, it has been demonstrated that the color red makes men â€Å"feel more amorous towards women† (Science Daily â€Å"Red Enhances Men’s Attraction to Women, Psychological Study Reveals†). Even before the experiment, research provided both empirical and biological support to Elliot and Niesta’s claim. Empirically, red has been associated with romantic love and passions across cultures and the millennia. Biologically, they found faith in humans’ deep evolutionary roots to primates. Research has shown that â€Å"nonhuman male primates are particularly attracted to females displaying red. Female baboons and chimpanzees, for example, redden conspicuously when nearing ovulation, sending a clear sexual signal designed to attract males† (Science Daily). The study looked at men’s responses to photographs of women under various color presentations. In one experiment, subjects were shown a photograph of a woman framed by a border of red and either white, gray, green or blue. The men were then asked questions about how attractive they found the women to be. Another experiment consisted of two photos of the same woman in which the woman’s shirt was digitally colored either red or blue. Along with questions concerning attraction, they were also asked about their intentions about dating, such as â€Å"Imagine that you are going on a date with this person and have $100 in your wallet. How much money would you be willing to spend on your date? (Science Daily). The results of the experiment showed that under all conditions, the women wearing or framed by red were rated significantly higher in attractiveness and sexual desirability than the exact same woman shown with any other color. Those whose favorite color is red are typically outgoing, impulsive, aggressive, and restless in personality. Red is a color chosen by those who carry an open nature and a zest for life (Annie B. Bond, â€Å"Your Favorite Color: What it Says About You†). Orange is a color that commands much attention. It represents warmth, enthusiasm, exuberance, liveliness and is also associated with Thanksgiving and Halloween (Nicholson). Physiologically, orange can stimulate the sexual organs, benefit the digestive system, and strengthen the immune system. It incites activity, socialization, and due to its hate-it-or-love-it quality, it also sparks controversy (Smith). Psychologically, orange relieves feelings of self-pity, lack of self worth, and unwillingness to forgive. It can also open emotions, increase energy, and even serve as a perceptual antidepressant (Think Quest). Due to its association with arrogance, danger, and over-emotion, a survey proves that orange has been labeled as â€Å"America’s Least Favorite Color† (Laurie Pawlik-Kienlen â€Å"The Subconscious Psychology of Color†). People who prefer the color orange are often flamboyant, fun-loving, and enjoy living a social life. They can be somewhat histrionic and fickle, but are generally good-natured, agreeable, and popular (Bond). Yellow is an uplifting color that is most associated with optimism, intellectuality, enlightenment, happiness, and signs of a bright future. Yellow can increase alertness and decisiveness, encourage communication, and stimulate the muscles and lymph system. Yellow can also activate the brain, spark clear, creative and intelligent thoughts, encourage memory, and stimulate mental processes (Smith). In a psychological sense, yellow brings feelings of happiness and increases perceptiveness, self-confidence, and optimism. It aids in discernment, good judgment, organization, and understanding (Think Quest). However, a dull yellow can bring feelings of fear. Those who favor yellow generally tend to be adventurous, shrewd, and carry a strong sense of humor. They can often shun responsibility due to their freedom-loving personalities, but are usually clear and precise thinkers who have a good outlook on life (Bond). As one of the three color channels, green occupies more space in the spectrum visible to the human eye than most colors. Green represents nature, health, abundance, wealth, good luck, growth, peace, and clarity. Green can help acquire physical equilibrium and relaxation, and has been shown to be beneficial to the heart. It also relaxes muscles and induces slower, deeper breathing (Smith). Psychologically, green has a tranquilizing and balancing effect. It brings about comfort, laziness, relaxation, and harmony. It can also alleviate nervousness and anxiety, and offer a sense of renewal and self-control (Think Quest). Surveys show that Green is America’s second favorite color (Pawlik-Kienlen). It usually a color liked by those who are gentle, sincere, and reputable. However, their tendency to be too modest and patient can lead to their exploitation. They are generally community-minded people who prefer peace at any price (Bond). Blue is the last of the three color channels. It is closely associated with spirituality, melancholy, cleanliness, wisdom, sadness, trustworthiness, and commitment (Nicholson). Being at far ends of the color spectrum, the color blue has almost entirely opposite effects of the color red. Blue decreases appetite, breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. It also regulates sleep patterns, keeps bone marrow healthy, and stimulates the pituitary and thyroid glands and causes the production of calming chemicals. Blue brings feelings of calmness and relaxation. It can also eliminate insomnia, aid intuition, and increase mental clarity and control (Smith). However, an excessive amount of blue can be depressing and saddening (ThinkQuest). Surveys prove that the color blue, being the least gender specific, is labeled as â€Å"America’s Favorite Color† (Pawlik-Kienlen). People whose favorite color is blue are typically preserving, sensitive, and self-controlled. Even though they can be worriers who are often cautious, they are faithful and have steady character (Bond). Purple is the majestic color of mystery, creativity, unrest, and royalty (Nicholson). Being the mixture of red and blue, the effects of the color purple contain elements from those of both red and blue. Physiologically, purple can alleviate skin conditions; suppress hunger, balance metabolism, and calm the mind and nerves. It can also be perceived as an antiseptic and a narcotic (Smith). Psychologically, purple increases creativity, intuition, imagination, and sensitivity to beauty, high ideals, spirituality, and compassion. It can balance the mind, cleanse emotional disturbances, and combat states of shock and fear (Think Quest). Purple is the favorite color of adolescent girls. Those who prefer purple over all the other colors tend to be artistic, individualistic, fastidious, and witty. They can become aloof and sarcastic when misunderstood, but are generally unconventional, tolerant, and dignified (Bond). Pink is associated with youth, romance, free spirit, lightheartedness, love (Nicholson). Being a lighter tint of red, many aspects of red are evident in the color pink. Pink can stimulate energy and help muscles relax. Like red, it also increases blood pressure, respiration, heartbeat, and pulse rate. Pink offers feelings of calmness, protection, and a sense of nurture. It encourages action, reduces erratic behavior, and sparks a desire to be carefree (Smith). Embodying the gentler qualities of red, pink represents unaggressive sensuality and unselfish love. People whose favorite color is pink are often charming, maternal, and gentle. However, they tend to desire a sheltered life and require affection, â€Å"perhaps wanting to appear delicate and fragile† (Bond). Brown is an organic color that represents reliability, approachability, the natural world, and connections with the Earth (Nicholson). It provides a sense of orderliness, security, stability, and wholesomeness. It also conveys withholding emotion and feelings of retreating from the world (Smith). Those who like the color brown are generally steady, conservative, conscientious, and dependable. They may be tactless and inflexible, but they are responsible and kind (Bond). Black, white, and gray are not considered colors, but are shades. Although they elicit no physiological effects, they still bring about psychological changes. Black represents authority, power, emptiness, sophistication, silence, and death (Nicholson). It evokes strong emotions and sense of potential and possibility. Black produces feelings of passiveness, emptiness, and being inconspicuous (Smith). Those who like black want to give a mysterious appearance, which indicates a suggestion of hidden depths and inner longings (Bond). White represents purity, neutrality, and safety (Nicholson). It aids mental clarity, encourages the elimination of clutter, purifies thoughts and actions, enables fresh beginnings, and offers a feeling of freedom and openness (Smith). However, an overabundance of white can bring feelings of separation, coldness, and isolation. People who like white indicate a desire for perfection, simplicity, and a recapture of lost youth and freshness (Bond). Gray is the shade in-between black and white. It is associated with dignity, conservativeness, control, independence, and authority (Nicholson). Gray increases independence, self-reliance, evasion, non-commitment, and lack of involvement (Smith). It is unsettling and creates a sense of high expectations, separation, and loneliness. Those who like gray are hard-working and often search for composure and a steady life with few ups and downs (Bond). The effects and associations of a color vary from person to person subjectively. Changes in the general effect of a color depend on some one’s personality, experiences, culture, and memories. Through a subjective perspective of color, a negative association with a color could cause undesirable effects and stir distaste towards that color. For example, if you receive a heartbreaking letter sealed in a green envelope, green may now be your least favorite color due to a new subconscious association with heartbreak and sorrow. In Elliot and Niesta’s study on the relationship between attraction and the color red, they also concluded that â€Å"Although red enhances positive feelings in this study, earlier research suggests the meaning of a color depends on its context. For example, Elliot and others have shown that seeing red in competition situations, such as written examinations or sporting events, leads to worse performance† (Science Daily). In a study conducted by UC Berkley, researchers found that people’s color preferences were linked to their experiences. â€Å"To conduct their studies, the researchers had four different groups perform four different tasks rating their color preferences, recording the objects they associated with each color, rating how they felt about each object or matching an object to a color† (Rachel Banning-Lover â€Å"Study Links Color Preference to Experiences†). They found that color preference was highly shaped by experience. For example, one subject stated that their favorite color was pink, and then later admitted to having fond memories in her sister’s pink bedroom, which would produce a positive association with the color pink. The researchers also discovered a link between school spirit and color preferences. Those who attended Berkley generally preferred their own school colors, blue and gold, over red, Stanford’s school color. There has also been cross-cultural evidence that creates varying effects of color. â€Å"Cross-cultural differences can occur in two ways different cultures may have different objects that influence individuals perceptions of certain colors, or two cultures may have the same object but may associate different feelings with that object† (Banning-Lover). For example, somebody from France may feel energized around navy blue—although blues are typically calming—due to the widespread use of the color in their country. Personality is a big, if not the biggest, impact on somebody’s preference and perception of a color. In general, extroverts or those with energetic personalities are drawn to richer, warmer colors, while introverts or those with relaxed personalities prefer cooler, more subtle colors (Bond). Colors that are found in certain areas of our everyday lives have a reason for being there. Understanding the objective effects of colors, many places have used certain colors to subconsciously manipulate the public into feeling or acting a desirable way, most of the time without them even realizing it. Red is commonly used in restaurants, both fast food and sit-downs, due to its ability to increase the appetites of its customers and therefore increasing their likelihood of buying more food. Orange is the color of most traffic cones and construction signs. Used to grab drivers’ attention, orange increases their awareness to prevent accidents. Green lights are often used in forensics due to its ability to incite a confession from criminals more than any other color of light. With its strong connection with the Earth, green is also used to promote environmentalism. Blue is commonly used in hospitals to calm patients. Research also shows that people are more productive in blue rooms, for example, weightlifters are able to lift heavier weights in blue gyms (David Johnson â€Å"Color Psychology†). Pink is proven to reduce erratic behavior, and is therefore used in many prison holding cells (Think Quest). Due to its ability to tranquilize, sports teams sometimes paint the locker room of the opposing team pinks so their opponents will lose energy. White symbolizes neutrality and is used for truce flags. It is also worn by doctors and nurses to imply sterility (Johnson). The roots of studying the effects of color can be traced back to ancient cultures, such as the Chinese and Egyptians. They practiced â€Å"chromotherapy, or using colors to heal. † For example, â€Å"blue was believed to soothe illness and treat pain,† while â€Å"yellow was thought to stimulate the body† (Cherry). Just like color psychology received much skepticism in ancient times; it still receives much skepticism today. No matter how unaware we are of the physiological and psychological effects of color, there is no doubt that color has a huge impact on our lives, playing a role in moods, decisions, sensations, and much more.

How Men View Women in History - Through Voltaire, John Locke, Joesph Co

America has made great advances in women’s rights over the last few decades. Women are prominent in the work place, living independently, and even running for office. However, this has not always been the case, during the course of history, women have been subjected to slavery, denied the right to vote, and have been viewed as property. Throughout all of human history women have been mistreated by men. 70 years after the American Revolution, white males enjoyed freedoms they viewed as their god given rights, but woman were somehow left out, they even seemed to be excluded from the constitution (â€Å"All men are created equal.†) â€Å"After so much had been done to ensure America’s freedom, it was hypocritical that woman were not allowed to vote, married woman had no property rights, and husbands possessed so much legal power they could beat or imprison their wives on a whim. Even most professions were closed to women, it would be unheard of to see a woman practicing medicine or law. The jobs that were available to women only paid a fraction of what the men were making.† [Eisenberg] This made women completely dependant on men. Women’s oppression is not just unique to our history alone. Different civilizations around the world have portrayed women despicably. In Japan during world war two, teenage girls were rounded up into sex camps. â€Å"An estimated one hundred thousand to four hundred thousand girls were forced to do sexual favors for Japanese soldiers, some of the girls were as young as 11 years old. They serviced up to 50 Japanese soldiers a day, while enduring beatings, starvation, sterilization and abortions. Even today, over half the 27 million people enslaved are woman in underground sex brothels.† [Robinson] In J... ...ic will help some woman see hope too, then so be it). â€Å"I would not even have mentioned my own misfortunes, if you had not irked me a bit, and if it weren’t the custom, on shipboard, to pass the time with stories.† [Candide, ] For her, tales of woe are neither enriching nor moving, only a way of making a point (and passing some time). Though her suffering does not move her to self-pity, it does shape the simplicity and frankness that define her character. In conclusion, even though our society would like to believe that women have always had equal liberties (with men) in everything they do, we can see this is not the case. Throughout human history, woman has believed she is inferior to man, however, now with our civilization progressing in the women’s right movement everyday, women can finally come to terms with the fact that they are indeed equal to men.

Lord of the flies research

There are certain aspects of society that are questioned, and some of which, cannot be easily rationalized or clarified completely. An example of this would be the contemplation of the human nature of mankind. The question lingers, and is often examined in attempt to determine if mankind is originally good, or evil. Different opinions arise through a vast range of viewpoints pondering this topic. William Gilding wrote the novel, The Lord of the Flies with intention to show the corruption in society and failings of human nature as a whole.Gilding uses various literary devices to demonstrate what he viewed as the flaws of human nature. Through observance of the boys' behavior on the island, and changes made throughout the novel, one can see that man is naturally born good with evil that is eventually portrayed as corruption in society progresses. In the novel, competition for power is heavily shown through the characters. Due to the situation the boys are faced with, it is evident that corruption in society is likely to occur as each of them attempt to survive in unity.Jean-Jacques Rousseau emphasizes a widespread habit of blaming society for the evil deeds of people. He supports the idea of man initially born good with evil within because he believes that society is the real presence of the devil itself. Additionally, one can further understand through observance of characters that the boys each represented a vital part to society. As their society deteriorates, the boys also begin to lose their morals and eventually become more barbaric and ruthless. Transformations clearly occur within themselves, and the evil that was present in them all along begins to come through.The theory that man is born good with evil that is eventually portrayed as corruption in society progresses, can be verified by examining several points. They include, Rousseau outlook on the nature of man wanting to be a savage, and examination of young adults in today's influenced society. Prima rily, there have been past opinions on the topic of whether man is inherently born good or evil. Jean- Jacques Rousseau, an 18th century Geneva philosopher, believed that man was naturally born good. It was his theory that included a widespread blaming of society for the evil wrongdoings of people.Specifically, he states, â€Å"God makes all things good; man meddles with them and they become evil. † (Г?mile Introduction, 1762) In simpler terms, Rousseau is expressing his idea of man being naturally pure and innocent until the malevolent deeds of man in society corrupts him to becoming evil. Additionally, Rousseau states, â€Å"The world of ordinary human beings contains nothing beautiful†¦ It is created by society; the real presence of the devil. â€Å"(New Criterion, October, 1998) He goes as far as comparing society to the devil, which is a malevolent and a hell-like comparison.Rousseau theory greatly emphasizes that society is the preeminent blame to the evil th at is present in our society. Not only are there logical reasons from famous philosophers of past centuries, but commoners criticizing today's youth. An example includes, the difference in ways young adults present themselves today as oppose to years passed. One can agree that man has naturally good intentions and does not strive to harm others. Although this may be true, evil can be seen in the light of one's personality and appearance. Specifically, modern reality TV shows have been accused of depraving today's young adult population.A young author states, â€Å"Reality shows portray continuous partying, drinking, and promiscuity as the only way to have fun†¦ As young teenagers see this, they begin to make the wrong decisions and revolve their lives around idols of luxury. † She is clearly stating that because that show is presented to teens, the message that emulating the corrupted actions and appearance is what is socially acceptable to the world. Usually this change is seen as a rather negative one, regarding the fact and observing of what is socially accepted today both appearance and personality wise.This helps us analyze the fact that man is born good and is solely influenced by certain aspects of society because it is common for one to change his actions or appearance for what is currently popular and accepted. Through Rousseau theory and the young authors input, it is clear to see that man would have kept the goodness that is naturally in him if it wasn't for the negative prospects in society. The Lord of the Flies, written by William Gilding, portrays clear examples of how man is naturally born good but turns evil due to corruption in society.Predominantly, the sys all experience chaotic situations that lead them to a change in character, some more than others. The book does not start off with these situations but instead, displays the goodness that lies within each individual. As the novel progresses, it is clear to see how certain char acters undergo a transformation from good to evil resulting from their depraved society. Primarily, when the boys all meet for the first time, they all agreed that it was imperative to maintain order. Ralph first displays leadership when he says, â€Å"We've got to have special people for looking after the fire, NY day there may be a ship out there†¦ E ought to have more rules. † (Gilding 42) This clearly shows the goodness that lies in the boys as they are showing their want to maintain order for the best chance of survival. Not only does Ralph show signs of rationale, but Jack does also. He states, â€Å"l agree with Ralph. We've got to have rules and obey them. After all, we're not savages. We're English, and the English are best at everything. So we've got to do the right things. † (Gilding 42) Jack is depicting his goodness by offering some motivation to the boys and saying that they are better Han savages and meant to do the right things as Englishmen.Also, both Jack and Ralph are two of the oldest on the island, and they are undoubtedly taking on the majority of responsibility for the sake of everyone's survival. Both of them display signs of goodness because taking control and striving for unity are acts of benevolence and selflessness. There is an amount of time that passes where the boys are working together, creating more rules, and establishing a small civilization. Although this occurs, corruption within their society begins to arise. Jack and Ralph become increasingly frustrated.In the beginning of chapter 3 of the novel, Jack displays signs of annoyance during a hunting session as he let out his breath in a long sigh after not catching anything. When Jack returned to camp, he finds Ralph in a state of grievance as well. Ralph shows his signs of frustration by frowning and ranting about how all the boys previously agreed to help build shelters, but Simon was the only one who put in the time and effort. The corruption is shown h ere as Jack and his team have failed to obtain meat and how the boys did not follow through with helping, and are instead, playing, or bathing in the ocean.With the lack of unity, and the buildup of dissatisfaction intensifying amongst their group, it is clear to understand how evil and wrongdoings are likely to occur. By chapter 8 of the novel, the boys hold an assembly where Simon attempts to explain that the boys themselves, or something inherent in human nature, could be the beast they fear. Jacks transition from good to evil also becomes apparent first. Although Simony's theory was rejected, the conversation creates an interesting reaction from Jack. Jack combatively disputes Rally's authority and says, â€Å"Bollocks to the rules!We're strong- e hunt! (Gilding 91) and follows by leading a tribal dance with the boys. Gilding describes the boys' reaction as immediately being full of â€Å"noise and excitement, scrambling, screaming and laughter. † (Gilding 91-92) This cl early shows the boys agreement and enthusiasm from being introduced by something other than remaining calm and civilized. Evil is becoming more apparent as the boys are slowly drifting away from an orderly civilization and becoming influenced by Jacks vicious sacraments.By chapter 8 of the novel, even those who seemed to resist Jacks influence become more and more corrupt. Ralph, the boy who wanted to maintain constant order, reacts differently to their next pig dance. Gilding includes his feelings as, â€Å"Ralph too was fighting to get near, to get a handful of that brown, vulnerable flesh. The desire to squeeze and hurt was over-mastering†. (Gilding 104) Evil is even portrayed through Ralph as he is mindfully expressing his desire to harm another living thing. Ralph evidently shows his loss of morals and transformation due to the other boys' actions and malfeasance.As the dances continue, it is evident that they are becoming more atrocious and brutal. Evil is definitely po rtrayed through violence. Lastly, the boys display a clear act of evil by killing Simon for no apparent reason. In the moment of extreme chaos and excitement, the boys lost their self- control and beat Simon to death. What started out as a â€Å"game†, turned into mindless murder. It is also obvious to be classified as evil because no one in the moment attempted to stop it; they have been clearly brainwashed by their surroundings and have lost their original morals.The boys show a clear transition from good to evil by the corruption that occurred in the society. The boys being alone with no adults left them with a challenge of not only maintaining order in a civilization, but keeping their sanity as well. Through the examples of how they were eager to survive in the beginning, but them progressively losing sight of what's right versus wrong, shows that man is born naturally born good, but turned evil by the corruption that takes place within society.It is conspicuously seen t hrough the novel that the boys who were naturally good, transformed into evil beings due to their society. Through the criticism of certain symbols and characters, the theory is further proved. Gilding conveys many of his main ideas and themes through symbolic characters and objects. A common criticism of the conch has to do with what it actually symbolizes. An example includes, â€Å"At the beginning, the conch becomes a really powerful symbol for law, order and civilization. As the boys are slowly descending into savagery, the conch loses its influence among them.With Piggy's death the conch gets also crushed, signifying that civilization has been abolished, because almost all the boys have turned savage. † (Titian L) She is supporting the theory by describing how powerful a symbol the conch was. In summary, the conch was declared a symbol of civilization and order; it was an item the boys obeyed as if it was a living being. Once the conch was destroyed, it symbolized how t heir civilization failed, how the boys became savages, and how all order was lost. Since the boys eventually disregarded Rally's authority, Jack proved that he was of more importance and power.The criticism of Jacks character includes how he transformed from a motivator and role model for the boys, to an evil and malevolently-motives dictator. It has been said, â€Å"Jack soon challenges Rally's authority; the boys who follow Jack hunt the island's lid pigs for meat and for the thrill of the chase and the kill. † (Acidosis) In attempt by Jack to gain all control, he leads a hunt not only for pigs, but Just for the thrill. The fact that Jack has brainwashed almost all of the boys to killing Just for fun represents the idea that corruption in society turns man evil.Their continuous lack of order, and unity on the island allowed them to think that chaos and occasional malevolence was acceptable. Both symbolism and Jacks character represent the transformation from good to evil in one example. Further examination of Jacks character and the homeboys he portrays is seen when, â€Å"He looked in astonishment, no longer at himself but at an awesome stranger the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness† (Hardwood) Jacks character is being described as being transformed completely; he is free from any shame and worry.The painted mask on his face represents the wildness that has taken over him. The mask represents the newfound savagery he and his followers are a part of. Jack used to be enthusiastic about hunting and working together for survival purposes, UT his evil character is shown when he becomes more infatuated with the fun of harming others and abusing power. Through observance of the criticisms above, it is simple to understand how Gilding included a progressive corruption in society using symbols, and characterization.Consequently, the theory that man is born good with evil that is eventually p ortrayed due to society, is proved prominent in the novel. The theory that man is born good with evil that results from corruption in society can be rationalized by the understanding of certain concepts. General understanding of days society and what is currently influencing it can give background knowledge of this belief. Through Jean-Jacques Rousseau claim, William Gildings novel, The Lord of the Flies, and deeper analysis and criticism, one can grasp this idea.Gilding and Rousseau both examine the idea of society being a strong influence with behavior. They both make similar comparisons that deal with the devil and evil in general. Rousseau straightforwardly said that society was the devil itself, while Gilding included a symbol of the devil through the beast in his allegoric novel. Both include owe there is a strong potential for transformation from good to evil and it is evident through the Jacks transformation and Rousseau philosophical reasoning.Gilding also carried symbols o f high importance throughout the novel. The conch, for example, was the key to civilization. Once it was destroyed, it corresponded to how the boys did not succeed in unity. Through acknowledgment of Rousseau theory, Gildings purpose of depicting certain symbols and characters, and other supporting criticisms, it is evident to see that man is born pure and good until the depraved, rounding society begins to take hold and create a change for the worse.

Obesity The Most Preventable Metabolic Disease - 1988 Words

Abstract Obesity is one the most preventable metabolic diseases that afflicts millions of adults and children around the world. Childhood obesity is a result of many metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, excess body fat, and abnormal cholesterol levels. There have been studies regarding various racial and ethnic implications in the occurrence of childhood obesity. By understanding the various reasons for these discrepancies in the various conditions that obesity presents, there may be a route for treating obesity specific to each racial population including African Americans (blacks), Hispanics, and whites. Some of these various reasons for the disparities include socioeconomic factors and genetic variations, although further research may be necessary to establish strong scientific correlations. Introduction Obesity is a complicated disorder consisting of various diseases and health problems that affects adults and children alike. These diseases relating to obesity include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease. The chances of obesity increase with a high body mass index (BMI) and in children, having a BMI at or above the 95th percentile constitutes obesity. BMI is a weight to height ratio and is an indicator of body fatness which allows clinicians to detect weight problems such as obesity. In the United States, child and adolescent obesity has become a significant epidemiological issue. There are over 12 million childrenShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Stress On The Immune System1186 Words   |  5 Pagesdefense. In an acute stressor, the immune system is heightened. But is suppressed in a chronic stressor. In this situation the cortisol levels rise, and weaken the immune system. This weaken system can make the human body more susceptible to serious disease, infections and cancers. Stress emotions and physical stressors have a profound impact on how our immune system and bodies function. So overall it is important for researches to understand and identify how these connections are made between the bodyRead MoreOverweight, and Obesity are Results of Calorie Imbalance779 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom water, bones, muscles, fat or a mixture of them all. Obesity is defined as having excess body fat, they both are results of calorie imbalance. Within the last 30 years adult as well as childhood obesity has increased significantly. Pediatric obesity has become an epidemic within the last 20 years. At the present time 31% of adults and 18% of children are obese. Body Mass Index is used to diagnose a child as being obese. Most often obesity represents an improper balance in calories ingested andRead MoreObesity is Not a Disease Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesObesity has played a major role in media over the last decade. With growing concern over the issue, a controversy over whether obesity is a disease itself or not has developed. Obesity, by definition, is a condition that i s characterized by excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body, usually indicated by a body mass index of 30 or greater. According to the currently accepted definition of disease, a condition of the body or one of its parts that impairs normal functioning and is typicallyRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Essay2302 Words   |  10 PagesRecently, obesity has become an epidemic in many parts of the world. The condition has accelerated in the past thirty to fifty years, and its health effects are devastating. Obesity is a leading contributor of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer, and countless other health concerns. Obesity is also the second leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Currently, around one in three Americans are obese. Now more than ever, obesity prevention in the health fieldRead MoreHealthy People 2020 ( Hp 2020982 Words   |  4 PagesHealthy People 2020 (HP 2020), focuses on disease prevention, addressing current topic s affecting the overall health and welling-being of individuals, young or old. The primary goal is preventative health-care, using evidenced based recommendations; promoting health education and resources at national, state, and local levels. Encouraging individuals of all age groups to make informed health-care decisions by adopting healthy life-style changes, with the goal of maintaining current health statusRead MoreObesity in America787 Words   |  4 PagesGood news! We’re Number 2! As declared by a 2013 report from the U.N., America has only the second highest obesity rate in the world at 31.8%, second to Mexico with an obesity rate of 32.8%. America has held on to the title of most obese country for over 60 years. From 13% obesity in 1962, estimates have steadily increased right up to 2013’s 32.8%. This may sound like good news, but the harsh truth is that America didn’t reach the number 2 spot through sweeping diet changes or social conscienceRead MoreObesity : The Condition Of Being Grossly Fat Or Overweight Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesObesity. The condition of being grossly fat or overweight. Sadly in America this is common due to our poor life choices. According to the most recent data, adult obesity rates now exceed 35 percent in four states, 30 percent in 25 states and are above 20 percent in all states. Louisiana has the highest adult obesity rate at 36.2 percent and Colorado has the lowest at 20.2 percent. U.S. adult obesity rates decreased in four states (Minnesota, Montana, New York and Ohio), increased in two (Kansas andRead MoreObesity And Its Impact On Health1382 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity is a state in which an overabundance muscle to fat quotients has aggregated to the degree that it may have a negative impact on health, prompting to reduce life expectancy and increase health problems (citation). Obesity is a significant general wellbeing emergency among children and grown-ups. Adolescence-related overweight is an expanding concern as for the wellbeing and prosperity of the child. Evaluation is generally done by measuring the patient and relating weight to height Body MassRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States have the highest rate of people battling obesity, with childhood obesity on the rise. Just about one-third of adults in America are obese, and about 17% of children are obese. There are many health problems associated with obesity, which are preventable. America has state and local programs to prevent obesity, which Centers for Disease control and Prevention funds in all 50 states. Obesity is considered one of the highest killers since the 1980’s, with fast food shops on the riseRead MoreDesign Interventional Models For Primary Care Providers1619 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Over the years from proven evidence-based research, there is a need for intervention as primary care physicians attempt to address the issue of adult obesity. Obesity can be linked to many adverse health outcomes such as: diabetes, hypertension and stroke as suggested by the National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute (2012). The purpose of this project is to design interventional models for primary care providers to implement into a wellness program. The program includes increased knowledge

Italian Verb Conjugations Vendere

Vendere is  a regular  second-conjugation Italian verb  meaning to sell. It is a transitive verb, so it takes a  direct object Conjugating Vendere The table gives the pronoun for each conjugation—io  (I),  tu  (you),  lui, lei  (he, she),  noi  (we),  voi  (you plural), and loro  (their). The tenses and moods are given in Italian— presente  (present),   passato  prossimo  (present perfect),  imperfetto  (imperfect),  trapassato  prossimo  (past perfect)  passato  Ã‚  remoto  (remote past),  trapassato  remoto  (preterite perfect),  futuro  semplice  (simple future), and  futuro  anteriore  (future perfect)—first for the  indicative, followed by the subjunctive, conditional, infinitive, participle, and gerund forms. Indicative/Indicativo Presente io vendo tu vendi lui, lei, Lei vende noi vendiamo voi vendete loro, Loro vendono Imperfetto io vendevo tu vendevi lui, lei, Lei vendeva noi vendevamo voi vendevate loro, Loro vendevano Passato Remoto io vendei/vendetti tu vendesti lui, lei, Lei vend/vendette noi vendemmo voi vendeste loro, Loro venderono/vendettero Futuro Semplice io vender tu venderai lui, lei, Lei vender noi venderemo voi venderete loro, Loro venderanno Passato Prossimo io ho venduto tu hai venduto lui, lei, Lei ha venduto noi abbiamo venduto voi avete venduto loro, Loro hanno venduto Trapassato Prossimo io avevo venduto tu avevi venduto lui, lei, Lei aveva venduto noi avevamo venduto voi avevate venduto loro, Loro avevano venduto Trapassato Remoto io ebbi venduto tu avesti venduto lui, lei, Lei ebbe venduto noi avemmo venduto voi aveste venduto loro, Loro ebbero venduto Future Anteriore io avrai venduto tu avrai venduto lui, lei, Lei avr venduto noi avremo venduto voi avrete venduto loro, Loro avranno venduto Subjunctive/Congiuntivo Presente io venda tu venda lui, lei, Lei venda noi vendiamo voi vendiate loro, Loro vendano Imperfetto io vendessi tu vendessi lui, lei, Lei vendesse noi vendessimo voi vendeste loro, Loro vendessero Passato io abbia venduto tu abbia venduto lui, lei, Lei abbia venduto noi abbiamo venduto voi abbiate venduto loro, Loro abbiano venduto Trapassato io avessi venduto tu avessi venduto lui, lei, Lei avesse venduto noi avessimo venduto voi aveste venduto loro, Loro avessero venduto Conditional/Conizionale Presente io venderei tu venderesti lui, lei, Lei venderebbe noi venderemmo voi vendereste loro, Loro venderebbero Passato io avrei venduto tu avresti venduto lui, lei, Lei avrebbe venduto noi avremmo venduto voi avreste venduto loro, Loro avrebbero venduto Imperative/Imperativo Presente vendi venda vendiamo vendete vendano Infinitive/Infinito Presente vendere Passato avere venduto Participle/Participio Presente vendente Passato venduto Gerund/Gerundio Presente vendendo Passato avendo venduto Understanding Second-Conjugation Italian Verbs Verbs with infinitives ending in  -ere  are called second-conjugation, or   -ere, verbs. The present tense of a regular  -ere  verb is formed by dropping the  infinitive ending  -ere  and adding the appropriate endings to the resulting stem. So, to form the first-person present tense of the verb vendere, simply drop the -ere  and add the appropriate ending (o) to form vendo, which means I sell. There is a different ending for each person, as demonstrated in the above conjugation tables. The other regular Italian verbs end in  -are  or  -ire  and are referred to as first- and third-conjugation verbs, respectively. Though the infinitive endings for these verbs are different, they are conjugated in the same way as second-conjugation verbs, hence the term regular conjugation verbs

Questions On Leadership And Organizational Behavior

According to well-known management consultant Drucker (n.d.) â€Å"management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.† Unfortunately, many business professionals consider management to be synonymous with leadership, but if one truly examines the behaviors and characteristics of being a manager with those of being a leader, he/she will discover that the terms are not interchangeable. Creighton University’s Leadership and Organizational Behavior course allow students to understand the differences between managing in an organization and leading an organization. This paper will examine the weekly learning that took place during the eight week course, my current views on leadership and identify my personal leadership goals. At the beginning of this course, I identified my thoughts on leadership and organizational behavior based on my professional experiences and formal education. Coming from an accounting-focused undergraduate program, I took only a foundational course in the area of management, which examined various management concepts and lacked a true focus in the area of leadership. My professional experiences have helped me identify what characteristics are necessary for a leader to truly develop and guide organizational behavior. This course has allowed me to further develop this understanding and the information gained from this course has been evolutionary for me. This evolution has progressed me in my goals listed at the beginning of the courseShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior and Leadership Quiz Questions1210 Words   |  5 Pagesstructured and routine and feels that the outcomes of the teams actions are determined by luck or chance. Employee A exhibits an external locus of control, and employee B exhibits an internal locus of control. Employee B was upset by Employee As behavior at the departments planning meeting. Which factors will influence Employee Bs perception in this situation? Situation, Target, Perceiver A person is broadminded, courageous, and forgiving. Which type of values are these? InstrumentalRead MoreUnderstanding Human Behavior1257 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Understanding Human Behavior: As a critical aspect for many organizations, the study of human behavior and the interactions between people and the organization is usually described as organizational behavior since its mainly geared towards understanding and forecasting human behavior. For organizational leaders, understanding human behavior is a critical skill that has direct impacts on the success of the organization. Therefore, the ability of an organizational leader to be successful is closelyRead MoreThe Job Learning And The Transfer Of Knowledge Occurs When Employees Perceive Leader Support1056 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizational context. Design and Methods Using a modified survey by Engelbrecht and Mahembe (2013), the following hypotheses were addressed: Hypothesis 1: The facilitation of on-the-job learning and the transfer of knowledge occurs when employees perceive leader support. Hypothesis 2: Organizational learning was conducive to employee growth and development. Hypothesis 3: Servant leadership environments aid the transfer of knowledge by building a culture of learning whereby employees perceivedRead MoreA Research Study On Toxic Leadership1519 Words   |  7 Pagesdissertation study is an opportunity to explore toxic leadership in nonprofits in Orange County. Also, to examine the impact of toxic leader’s practices on OCB and turnover intention as two variables that can harm nonprofit organizations significantly. Moreover, to determine the influence of employee engagement on their organizational citizenship and turnover intention because of the toxic leadership behaviors. The gap in the literature about toxic leadership in nonprofits has inspired me to study this issueRead MoreWhat Strengths Of Organizational Leadership Presented By Sales And Marketing1635 Words   |  7 Pages(SS) Sheila Simmons lacks communications skills, and high job stress. Identifying the strengths of organizational leadership presented by Sales and Marketing (PI) Kenneth Bright along with OD consultant can lead and manage the organizational change. The OD consultant plans to introduce and communicate the change initiative to the employees begin with an interview questions by gender, organizational levels and age. Using Lewin’s method (B), functions (f), personality(P), motivators and the environmentRead MoreWhen Would Transactional Leadership Be Preferred? Transformational Leadership?892 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion – When would transactional leadership be preferred to transformational leadership? Transformational leadership is a highly regarded as a desirable and successful leadership style, as transformational leaders often inspire others to realize higher and greatest levels of organizational commitment (Mosley Patrick, 2011). Though transformational leadership produces overall change for the better, as with any type of leadership, situational characteristics and desired outcomes should driveRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Professional Psychology Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefited is as important as how many are benefited (IIT, 2016). In the article â€Å"The Need for Ethical Leadership,† Butcher (1997) stated that â€Å"things that affect free enterprise affect the whole society† (p. 86). Additionally, Aleksic (2013) wrote the article â€Å"How Organizations Achieve Longevity† and suggested that â€Å"change management can be considered as an important determinant of organizational longevity† (p. 65). Moreover, Khan (2014) stated in the article â€Å"The Longevity of Large Enterprises:Read MoreLeadership Analysis As An Art Is Critical In The Development1286 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership analysis as an art is critical in the development of the efficient skills relevant to management. The leadership is split into various psychological components for gross analysis that is essential in boosting the necessary skills. The analysis should take care of the social and cultural aspects encountered in the given context. All the subjects in the context must be considered for a non-bias analysis and overall conclusion on the state of leadership. Research has come up with variousRead Moreorganizational behaviour1261 Words   |  6 Pages Organizational Behavior MG6013 The exploration of the theories, research and practices that allow a better understanding of human behavior in organizations. Topics include motivation and job satisfaction; decision making; group dynamics; work teams; leadership; communication; power, politics and conflict; organization culture, structure and design; impact of technology; management of work stress; organizational change andRead MoreEthical Leadership : Unethical Behavior1568 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Leadership With all the recent unethical behavior in high profile cases. Someone may ask is there such a thing as ethical leadership? Leadership behaviors have a direct impact on the effectiveness and trust of the leader, the followers, and the organization. In the recent past there have been organizations rocked by scandal and impropriety stemming from how a leader acted or did not act such as: â€Å"the alleged cover-up by Penn State University senior administrators of criminal acts perpetuated

Media Manipulation free essay sample

Misleading the Public: A New Kind of Public Relation â€Å"It’s all, you know†¦thinking ahead. Thinking ahead. That’s what producing is. It’s like being a plumber. You do your job right, nobody should notice. † These words are script from the movie ‘Wag the Dog’ which directed by Barry Levinson. Have you ever thought that your beliefs are manipulated? The movie ‘Wag the Dog’ is about the U. S. president’s story which has an election in a few days and causes sex scandal with a high school girl who visited White House for school’s field trip. The U. S. ass media starts blaming and criticizing the U. S. President. Thus, the President’s administration hires a famous Hollywood producer secretly to manipulate the U. S. mass media. By making a faked War with computer graphic technologies and broadcasting war scenes on television, Americans’ concern about the President’s scandal move to war. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Manipulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, the scandal issue becomes raging out and the President’s approval rating increases radically. People are easy to forget what happened before when they meet new issues that more affect their life such as poisoned foods, nature disasters and War.Mass media sometimes use these people’s characteristics to change people’s concern and interest and get more attention and support. However, it is difficult for people to aware of the manipulation of mass media. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; of abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (United States of America). This is text from the first amendment of the U.S. constitution. In this paper, I will discuss how mass media plays a role of manipulating truth and cheating people who are not aware of these manipulations in giving example of Iraq War and CIA. Then, I will analyze how people’s freedom of speech and press is threatened by the U. S. mass media. One side, Iraq war was manipulated by mass media and the Bush administration used to mass media to justify the invasion of Iraq. There were many antiwar movements against the Bush administration’s decision that responds of September 11 attacks of Iraq War.Protests against Iraq War asserted that Iraq War basically violates international law and human rights. â€Å"International ANSWER which is organized the first post-September 11th national anti-war demonstration on September 29, 2001, drawing over 25,000 protesters to Washington, D. C. to protest and â€Å"warn that the Bush Administration’s war policies were a risk to world peace† (Simonson 7). However, the bush administration and the U. S. mass media kept asserting that the purpose of Iraq war is the regime change that gives Iraq people freedom and liberty and the country would be signal of one of freedom countries in the Middle East.However, according to the top Bush officials, â€Å"the invasion of Iraq even before Bush took office, but waited until September 2002 to inform the public, through what the White House termed a product launch† (Rampton and Stauber). In addition, in justifying the invasion of Iraq War to Americans including Protestants against Iraq War, the U. S. mass media coverage reported wrong information repeatedly. For example, Washington Post publicized the headline of â€Å"Iraqis Celebrate in Baghdad† instead of giving truth that Iraq people think about American as their liberator, not their enemy and Muslim Cleric were friendly to the Americans.The U. S mass media continued describing Iraq people as aggressive and dangerous. Moreover, the U. S. mass media broadcasted that the 20,000 Iraqi people rallied to oppose the U. S. military presence which is not true (Rampton and Stauber). By covering mass media’s intention to lie, how would Americans know what is real happening? Iraq War is one of representative examples of people’s freedom of press and speech is violated. In the case of Iraq War, mass media plays a role of cheating Americans in telling lies. Another example is the manipulation of mass media by CIA. Mary Louise states, â€Å"the CIA’s secret actives, covert missions and connections of control are all done under the pretense and protection of national security with no accountability whatsoever, at least in their minds† (Louise). CIA uses every trick to complete their activities. According to the Association for Responsible Dissent, 6 million people were died until 1987 because of CIA covert operation. Moreover, CIA formed Office of Policy Coordination which was formed for covert action and people who served as director of this department were elites such as Frank Wisner, Allen Dulles, Richard Helms and Philip Graham.Since late 1940s, Operation Mockingbird which was the secret project by CIA was started with intentionally buying influence of major outlets. Elite directors ordered to recruit American news organization and become spies to journalists. Most of major media such as ABC, NBC, CBS, Newsweek, Associated Press, United Press International, Reuters, Hearst News papers, Scripps-Howard, etc and 400 journalists joined with Operation Mockingbird of CIA and accomplished their assignments secretly. Thus, most of news was controlled by government.In addition, by pressure about deregulating and privatizing from the IMF, World Bank and US government, a small number of super-powerful media corporation control global commercial media system which cause global markets and the CIA agenda. In addition, according to Ralph McGehee who worked for CIA agent for 25 years in South-East Asia, he saw bombing and napalming of village and this experience was one way for him to examine what really CIA is about. Ralph wrote about Vietnam’s Phoenix Program and published the book â€Å"Deadly Deceits† in 1983 with long efforts for CIA censors.He was harassed by CIA and FBI with bodily injury. He claimed that CIA never has been central intelligence agency. CIA was full of covert action arm of the President’s foreign policy advisors that provide disinformation and American citizens are first target of their lies. In addition, CIA involved with drug traffickers in Italy, France, Corsica, Indochina, Afghanistan and Central and South America for more than 40 years (Parenti). Extended congressional investigations handled these activities and these are matters of public record.For instance, San Jose Mercury News published series of news about CIA-Contra crack shipments which flooded East side of Los Angeles in 1996 and major mass media restrain these news. However, because these stories were already known to people, these series could not be hidden and mass media started its assault. Many media such as Washington Post, The New York Times and PBS broadcasted that â€Å"there was no evidence of CIA involvement† and described San Jose Mercury News as â€Å"bad journalism†. In the modern age, in which the Mass media is so influential, it has become an effective tool for â€Å"informing† the public.However, this information is not just facts. This information comes with values injected into it, either from the network itself or the people giving the news. Media manipulation is now one of the most effective tools (as it has been since the administration of Franklin Roosevelt) of shaping public opinion, which is the cornerstone of a free country and democracy. Roosevelt personally oversaw that, for example, stories of devastating U-boat attacks in 1942 were never printed. This was done in the interest of maintaining wartime moral, and keeping a positive image of his presidency despite his declining health (Dirck 63).In modern times, we see the same thing happening. We see public opinion being engineered by sophisticated public relations campaigns between the government and the people. These campaigns deemphasize concrete successes and put in their place ideological slogans and triumphant images. It is beyond doubt that the federal government has the power to directly influence mass media and shape public opinion. It is simply a matter of discovering to what extent this is happening at the current moment and what effect it is having on the course being taken.But one needs to recognize that the media does not need to be â€Å"biased† in order to present a dangerously destructive view of the world. Public opinion and public ignorance go hand in hand, and the media plays a role in both. Sometimes, the media can be influenced by some organization, like the government or a corporation. But often there is no direct manipulation; rather, just a complete failure to present the facts as they are. While it is very often tricky differentiating between deliberate and non-deliberate misinformation, it is far more difficult identifying what is misinformation and what is a mistake. Numerous examples, like morphing al-Qaeda into Iraqis and running â€Å"War on Terror† banners both while reporting on Afghanistan and Iraq, serve to show this difficulty. Regardless, the public is still being misinformed and it is equally as dangerous. A University of Maryland study found that consumers getting news from commercial television were very likely to hold at least one of three fundamental â€Å"misperceptions† (namely, that Iraq had been directly linked with the 9/11 terrorist attacks, that WMDs had been found, or that world opinion favored an American invasion of Iraq) (Cohen).This misperceptions stand in the way of any useful discussion on whether a war in Iraq is either necessary or justifiable. A free and unbiased media that presents facts as facts (and not values as facts) is a necessary condition for any functional democracy. The rise of mass media and more accessible forms of media has made it easier for it to occur on massive scales, which poses an even greater danger. History is a source full of examples: for centuries governments have seized control over seemingly impartial agencies and manipulated their message for their own purposes. Prevention of this is written into the United States Constitution; however, the methods of subverting the first amendment are more subtle. It occurs by mixing misinformation with factual information such that the majority of what we hear is real, but corrupted with propaganda. Citizens develop a trust of a particular source of news and cannot look past the lies. A democracy cannot exist without a free-standing media because the whole point of a democracy is that the citizens have the information they need to make informed decisions about their representatives.This condition is not met when the information is not available to them and making an informed decision is impossible. Manipulation of the media is most likely to arise in wartime, as was the case with World War II and is the case with the Iraq War. Such manipulation is designed to boost morale and provide a positive image of the war as to avoid criticism for its high costs. As a result the public cannot decide what is true and what is not, and takes the images the media gives to be descriptive of the whole situation. Like in the case of the Iraq War, the enemy is marginalized and treated as complete enemies.